• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU1812926A3
    申请号:SU864027479
    申请日:1986-05-14
    公开日:1993-04-30
    发明作者:Wilfred Erwin Klinner
    申请人:Nat Res Dev；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for combing plants standing on the root from stems, testes, leaves, shoots, flowers and collecting combed parts of plants and leaving stems on the root.
    The purpose of the invention is the reduction of crop losses.
    Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed device; figure 2 is the same with the stripping body in the form of a conveyor belt; in Fig.Z - the same with an additional rotor; figure 4 is the same with the embodiment of the reception area combed part of the plants; figure 5 is the same with an embodiment of a guide means and receiving combed parts of plants; figure 6 is the same with the means of preventing pulling plants out of the ground during towing; in Fig.7 - embodiments of the rollers of the means of Fig.6; on Fig - the same with the means of limiting the lowering of the stripping organ, side view; figure 9 is the same with the device for lifting lodged plants, side view; in FIG. 10 - the same with a flexible shutter located in front of the device, side view; on Fig, 11 is the same, with a flexible curtain and an antisplash apron in the reception area of the combed part of the plants, side view; in FIG. 12 - the same with the feed roller located under the front edge of the casing, side view; in Fig.13 is an embodiment of the reception area of the combed part of the plants, side view: in Fig. 14 is a section AA in FIG. 12; in FIG. 15 device with two feed rollers at the inlet of the channel formed by the casing and the stripping organ, side view; in FIG. 16-24 - options for performing stripping elements; on Fig is a General view of the proposed device, front view; on Fig is the same, a top view; on Fig is a General view of combing combs; on Fig, 28 is an embodiment of a combing comb; on Fig, 29 is a section bB in Fig; on fig.ZO is an embodiment of the combing comb: on Fig - node attachment of the comb with elongated teeth, allowing tilting to the working angle: Fig and 33 shows the shape of the teeth of two combs, forming one double comb, in which the tooth pitch can be changed twice: in Fig.34 - section bb in Fig.32; in Figs. 35 and 36, an embodiment of the teeth of the comb: in Fig. 37, embodiments of sections G-G in Fig. 35; in Fig.38 - embodiments of the cross section DD in Fig.36; on Fig and 40 - embodiments of the comb; on Fig - section EE in Fig.39; in Fig.42 is a section FJ in Fig.40;
    on Fig and 44 - embodiments of the front of the device; on Fig - section II in Fig. 43; in Fig.46 is a section KK in Fig.44; on Fig is a cross section of a device with an additional rotor; on Fig - the implementation of the additional rotor; on Fig - cross section of the device with an additional rotor located above and behind the main rotor; Fig. 50 is a cross-sectional view of a device with a feed roller located in front of the stripping rotor and an additional screw; in Fig.51 is a view A in Fig.50; Fig.52 is the same with the casing control system; in Fig.53-56 - embodiments of the means of forming a stream of compressed air, a cross section; on Fig - front edge of the casing with many holes for the passage of compressed air; on Fig - located under the front edge of the casing of the feed roller to form a stream of compressed air; on Fig - stripping rotor mounted inside the air nozzle; on Fig - combine harvester with a device for towing plants, side view; on Fig - mounted harvesting device when unloading the collected material on a transverse conveyor and then a loader in the trailer body, front view; in FIG. 62 same, top view; Fig.63 is the same side view; on Fig - located behind the stripping organ transverse and longitudinal conveyors and means for guiding the movement of the stripped part of the plants, side view; on Fig - the same, a top view; on Fig embodiment of the device of Fig.64, side view; on Fig - the same, a top view; Fig.68 is an embodiment of the device of Fig.64, a side view; on Fig - an embodiment of a stripping working body in the form of a conveyor; on Fig - device with two stripping rotors, side view; on Fig-74 - embodiments of the shapes of the teeth of the stripping elements when using two rotors, the cut L-L in Fig.70.
    The proposed device comprises a frame 1 mounted with the possibility of moving above the ground, on which a rotating stripping working body 2 is mounted.
    In the device shown in FIG. 1, the stripping tool is made in the form of a rotor 3, on which a plurality of stripping elements 4 protruding outward are mounted. They are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor and can have a different configuration. The rotor 3 of rotation by means of a drive mechanism 5. as which a gearbox with a gear (not shown) can be used that connects the gearbox to the tractor engine or any other energy tool, for example, a combine harvester motor (not shown).
    In the design of the device there is a guide means 6, which in combination with the stripping elements 4 forms a conveying channel 7 for the directed transfer of the combed parts of plants. The tool 6 is a casing 8, overlapping at least part of the front half of the rotor 3, the Casing 8 prevents the forward ejection of combed parts of plants. In the immediate vicinity of the rear part of the rotor 3, there is a front wall 9 of the trough 10, in which there is a mechanism 11 for the transverse transfer of the combed part of the plants, and behind it there is a mechanism 12 for the longitudinal transfer of this part of the plants back.
    The proposed device, shown in figure 2 and 3, differs from that shown in figure 1, the execution of the stripping body 2.
    Figure 2 stripping body 2 is made in the form of a conveyor belt 13, envelope pulleys 14 or any other guide elements (not shown).
    In FIG. 3, the combing organ 2 includes a rotor 15 and a rotor 16 mounted behind and above it and interacting with it, for transporting up and back to the transverse transfer mechanism 11 of the combed rotor 15 of a part of the plants. The diameter of the rotor 15 ’is smaller than the diameter of the rotor 3 shown in FIG. A plurality of conveyor elements 17 are mounted on the rotor 16, which are relatively narrow ribs oriented perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the rotor 16. The rotor 16 also performs the function of protecting the rotor 15 from winding stems on it.
    In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 4, in contrast to the device shown in FIG. 1, a casing 18 is placed behind the rotor 3, inside of which a transverse screw 20 is mounted above the trough 19, which is separated from the rotor 3 by a grill 21 made of bent wire, or a plurality of rods, or of longitudinally oriented flat ribs. The grating 21 functions as a reflector.
    Behind the rotor 3 and below the screw 20, there is a main transverse screw 22, under which a groove 10 is installed, the edge of the front wall 9 of which is located in close proximity to the rear side of the rotor 3. The screw 22 is a specific embodiment of the transverse transfer mechanism 11 of the combed part of plants.
    Wall 9 has a height that excludes loss of harvested mass.
    In the central part of the screw 22, controlled fingers 23 are placed. Behind the screw 22, a plate conveyor 24 is mounted, which ensures the transportation of the mass of carved plant parts up and back to the threshing, separation and cleaning mechanisms (not shown), as is done in traditional combine harvesters.
    An additional screw 20, having a smaller diameter than the screw 22, collects small particles of the harvested crop, for example grain, and transports it directly to grain cleaning devices (not shown), bypassing the threshing machine. In the absence of a screw 20 and a grill 21, the grain falls on the groove 10 and, together with large parts of the harvested crop, is fed to the conveyor 24.
    In another embodiment of the proposed device, shown in figure 5, under the rotor 3 is mounted a movable concave tray 25, the position of which can be adjusted. The displacement of the pallet 25 occurs along an arc, the center of curvature of which is located on the axis of the rotor 3. In the same way, you can change the position of the front end 26 of the casing 8 bent upward, lowering it and / or bringing it closer to the rotor 3. Combining a change in the position of the end 26 and the pallet 25 gives the ability to control the effectiveness of the impact of the rotor 3 on the harvested crop. Pallet 25, its bent down edge, reduces the likelihood of pulling out of the ground weakly held plants in the ground during towing. Pallet 25 can be fixed in the selected position or remain free by moving s arcuate guides.
    Instead of a pallet 25, a roller 27 can be installed under the rotor 3, the cross-sectional shape of which is shown in Fig.7. The roller 27 as well as the pallet 25, prevents pulling plants, and its adjustment is carried out similarly to the pallet 25.
    According to Fig. 8, under the rotor 3, a roller 29 is mounted on the lever suspension 28, which performs the function of protecting the rotor 3.
    According to Fig.9. the device to prevent pulling plants out of the ground is made in the form of stalk lifts 7 kov 30 mounted on flat levers
    31 mounted on the transverse rod 32.
    On Fig, 10 shows an embodiment of the proposed device shown in Fig.9, in which above the main screw 22 is placed a guide wall 33, which may be flat or curved, but in any case should direct the material to the area of the upper part of the screw 22. Grain, moving near the partition 33, falls into the groove Yu behind the cylindrical core 34 of the screw 22, the rest of the plant mass with screw blades 35 goes forward and down into the groove 10, from where it is transferred to the conveyor 24.
    A more efficient separation of the harvested crop can be achieved if a plurality of transverse flat ribs are formed in the lower part of the partition 33, through which only small particles of the processed material can pass through the gaps between them. The same effect will be achieved if the partition has a wavy or corrugated surface.
    In the embodiment of the proposed device, shown in Fig. 11, the relative position of the casing 8 and the partition 33 enables the driver of the energy tool with the device mounted behind him to observe the backward flow of the harvested mass. The mechanism 12 of the longitudinal transfer of the individual parts of the plants is made in the form of a conveyor belt 36, over which a curtain 37 is suspended, made of heavy elastic sheet material. It delays the parts of plants thrown back.
    In the embodiment of the proposed device, shown in FIG. 12, a feed support roller 38 is used located under the front edge of the casing 8. The roller 38 may be smooth, ribbed or grooved, may have continuous or intermittent grooves, which helps prevent grain from dropping out of the ears, winding stems and grain losses by forward ejection of the rotor 3. The roller 38 can rotate freely or forcibly in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor 3, and the speed of rotation of the roller 38 depending on and harvested crops and its condition may be less than or greater than the velocity of motion device. The location of the roller 38 relative to the rotor 3 may vary depending on the harvested crop and its condition. In this device, a baffle plate 39 is installed above the rotor 3, overlapping the upper rear quarter of the rotor 3. Two baffles 40 of thin metal ribs are mounted above the baffle 39, through which the collected grain passes to the screw 20. Lattices 40 freely pass large particles of harvested plants, for example ears, directing them to the screw 22. Under the rotor 3 is mounted a curved sliding screen 41, overlapping the lower rear quarter of the rotor 3. The screen 35 on the front edge has teeth 42.
    In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 13, belts 40 are freely suspended behind the bars 40, made of shock-absorbing material, which direct grain and other small particles falling onto them through the screw 22, and large parts into the area in front of the screw 22.
    In the proposed device shown in FIG. 15, an upper smooth roller 44 of a small diameter and a larger studded roller 45 having a larger diameter and rotating in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor 3 is mounted under the front edge of the casing 8. In this case, the guiding means 6 forming one wall of the transport channel 7 includes casing 8, rollers 44 and 45. The latter, like the roller 38 (Fig. 12), can be equipped with stationary protective visors 46, sliding and. adjustable to change the contact area of the rollers with harvested plants.
    In FIG. 16-24 show a possible implementation of the stripping elements 4, mounted on the stripping working body 2.
    In Fig. 16, the combing elements 4 are made in the form of a comb 47 having a plurality of cutouts forming teeth 48. In the transition zone between the lateral edges 49 and 50 of each pair of adjacent teeth 48, a slight rounding is made51, which prevents jamming of the stems of harvested crops. Typically, the combs 47 are mounted on the rotor 3 so that the teeth of the same name 48 following one after the other combs 47 moved along the same circular path. In some designs, it is desirable that the teeth 48 in each subsequent comb 47 are offset relative to the teeth 48 · of the previous comb 47 in the direction transverse to their movement by half the pitch of the teeth 48.
    In comb 47 shown in FIG. 17, the gap or recess 52 between the teeth 48 to their bases gradually narrows to a certain value, and then it continues in the form of an elongated groove 53 between the side edges 49 and 50 of two adjacent teeth 48. Each groove 53 may have an extension to release the remaining plants in the field and preventing unwanted contact with 52 plant stems entering the recesses.
    In the comb shown in FIG. 18, the elongated grooves 53 are directed at an angle to the transverse axis of the comb 47, thereby increasing the efficiency of stripping seeds or ears from the front of the plants. ^ These combs when installed on the rotor 3 can be oriented so that the inclination of the grooves 53 of each subsequent comb 47 is opposite to the inclination of the grooves 53 of the previous comb 47.
    In FIG. 19 shows the most preferred comb shape for harvesting cereals, small seeds and leguminous crops.
    The combs 47 have a pointed shape, and the recess 52 between each two adjacent teeth 48 has the shape of a keyhole. The gap between the closest points of the side edges 49 and 50 determines the amount of foreign material collected with the grain or other desired material. The lateral edges 49 and 50 in the gap zone can be rounded.
    On Fig.20-22 shows combs in which cutouts 54 are made on the lateral edges 49 and 50, reinforcing the effect of the teeth 48 on the combed part of the plants, especially for plants with a hard stem. The cutouts 54 may have a different configuration and a different arrangement on the side edges 49 and 50 of the teeth 48.
    On Fig shows a stroke in which the expansion at the base of the teeth 48 has a triangular shape.
    On Fig shows two adjacent adjacent one on the other combs 47, in which the teeth 48 and the recesses between them are inclined in opposite directions. Combs 47 in this embodiment are displaced relative to each other in the transverse direction of their movement so that the ends of the teeth 48 of one comb overlap the ends of the teeth of the other combs. Combs 47 are preferably made in the form of flat transverse ribs of sheet plastic, but in some cases the working surface of the tooth may have a concave shape.
    On Fig.25-27 presents General views of the proposed cleaning device, respectively, front and rear and separately combs, mounted on the combing working body 2.
    In Fig.28-34 shows the configuration of the combs and their fastening on the combing working body 2.
    According to FIGS. 28, 29, on the combing working member 2 between the tooth bases 48 of the combs 47 and the ribbed member 55, there is a support member 56 having a square cross section. The ribbed elements 55 pick up and transport the required parts of the harvested crop, for example grains, which are separated from the plant stems by teeth 48.
    In FIG. 3O, a comb is shown in which teeth 57 are repeated at certain intervals. The heights of which significantly exceed the height of the teeth 48. When shifting from row to row, the teeth 48 are shifted in the same direction at equal intervals, due to which a helix is formed, which improves the rise of plants rubbing the stems, their alignment and release after towing. The intervals between the teeth 57 are selected depending on the type of harvested culture, its condition.
    On Fig shows the fastening of the elongated teeth 57 on the stripping tool 2 by means of the transverse elements 58, preferably made of a tubular element and installed with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination of the teeth 57 and their complete removal in a neutral position. To adjust the angle of inclination on the element 58 at both its ends can be fixed handles (not shown). Teeth 57 may be locked in any desired position by means of clips (not shown).
    On Fig-34 presents a comb made of two parts 59 and 60 mounted in a cage 61 with the possibility of displacement relative to each other in the direction of their length. The pitch of the teeth 48 on the comb 59 and 60 is twice the normal pitch of the composite comb, when the teeth of one comb are located exactly in the middle between the teeth of the other comb. In Fig. 32, the combs are displaced relative to one another and one extreme position, and in Fig. 3Z, to another extreme position. Instead of the cage 61, any other means can be used to change the relative position of the combs 59 and 60.
    Figures 35-38 show a tooth 48. made of metal or plastic, which may have either a convex or concave work surface, or curved side edges.
    Fig.39-42 presents non-separable combs, consisting of separate sections, each of which has two or only one tooth 4.
    The sections are mounted on the carrier carding means 2 separately by means of clamps or spring clips (not shown), interacting, for example, with a rivet 62 passing through two mounting ribs 63 mounted on the carrier carding means 2 (Fig. 41). To replace or remove the remnants of the broken section, any suitable tool, such as a screwdriver, is inserted into the hole 64 and by turning it, the gap between the legs is increased to the diameter of the rivet 62, after which the comb section can be easily removed.
    On Fig shows another option for mounting removable sections of the combs, namely: under the spring lock 65 is installed an elastic washer 66 and a screw 67 is used.
    On Fig, 44 presents embodiments of the proposed cleaning device, in which on the lower side of the casing 8 is mounted lattice. According to Fig. 43, it is made of thin metal ribs 68 that guide down and back, which have a curved profile with a concavity towards the rotor 3. The lower edges of the ribs 68 in their rear part interact with the teeth 48.
    According to Fig. 44, the grill is made in the form of spring-loaded levers 69, on the free ends of which sections of gear ribs 70 are fixed, which interact when the rotor 3 rotates with teeth 48. The levers 69 are mounted on hinge axles 71, mounted on the front end of the casing 8, with the possibility of forced bias to the rotor 3 by the spring 72 to set the minimum clearance between the levers 69 and the rotor 3, which is fixed by the stop 73. Foreign objects in the collected plant mass, hitting the transverse ribs 70, immediately remove the lever 69 from the rotor 3 and go further.
    On Fig shows an embodiment of the proposed cleaning device, in which in the receiving part under the front end of the casing 8 in the groove 74 is mounted a transverse screw 75, above which a transverse threshing rotor 76 is mounted, partially surrounded by a mesh concave 77. The rotor 76 rotates in the same direction that the rotor 3, and the screw 75 rotates in such a way that the processed mass is transferred to the exit in the transverse direction. The guide visor 78 directs the main part of the plants to be processed to the rotor 76. The grain passing through the concave 77 falls down into the trough 74. The threshed mass passes through the channel 79 formed by the guide wall 80 and the casing 18. It goes to a conventional straw walker 81 located above the transverse screw 22. Between a screw 75 and a rotor 3 is installed mounted across the entire width of the receiving zone of the rotor 3 of the separation grid formed of thin ribs 82, oriented in the direction of movement of the device. The grating allows seeds or grain to move upward and tangentially forward into the space above the screw 75, where it falls and enters the groove 74. Large particles of harvested plants, which are unfrozen or partially threshed ears, are sent by rotor 3 to rotor 76. Guide visor 78 can be equipped with a drive (not shown) to vibrate or shake it. The straw walker 81 separates from the threshed mass of grains or seeds remaining in it. The grain or seeds collected in the pallet of the straw walker 81 are conveyed by the screw 22 to a grain cleaning compartment (not shown). 8, as a threshing rotor 76, it is preferable to use a brush rotor with many rows of strong flexible hairs 83 oriented at an angle to the surface of the rotor 76 (Fig. 48).
    On Fig shows the proposed harvesting device with another embodiment of the means for secondary threshing of the harvested crop. The grain separated from the harvested crop by the rotor 3 passes along the casing 8 through two separation lattices formed by a plurality of thin ribs 84 mounted on the inner side of the casing 8 with an inclination towards the movement of the processed mass. Large particles of the treated mass are retained by the ribs 84 and directed downward, and the flow of small particles moving above the rotor 3 is deflected by the guide wall 85 to the ribbed rotor 86, where these particles are brought into contact with the rotor 86 by continuous two rows of bristles 87. After processing the plant mass, it is necessary cleaning work items.
    On Fig.50,51 shows an embodiment of the proposed cleaning device, in which an octagonal feed roller 88 is mounted in the input zone, rotating in the opposite direction to the rotor 3. The separation grid of a plurality of ribs 82 is mounted above the roller 88, behind which a partition 89 is mounted , which directs the separated grain or seeds down to the cross screw 75. The inner side of the casing 8 at its front end is lined with shock absorbing material 90, which ensures minimal rebounding and damage to grain or seeds.
    On Fig shows a variant of the proposed harvesting device, in which the casing 8 is made adjustable depending on the state of the harvested crop. For this, the casing 8 is mounted on the frame 1 by means of two hydraulic cylinders 91 and 92 connected to the frame 1 by hinges 93 and 94, respectively. The rod of the hydraulic cylinder 91 is pivoted by a hinge 95 to the hydraulic cylinder 94. When the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 91 is extended, the hydraulic cylinder 92 rotates upward, and the front end of the casing 8 accordingly moves forward. The combined action of the hydraulic cylinders 91 and 92 provide the desired change in the position of the casing 8. In the rear part, the casing 8 is connected to the frame 1 by means of a rack 96 and two hinges 97. Instead of the rack, a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) can be installed. ,
    Haha. 53-59 show the options of the proposed harvesting device with pneumatic means that create an air flow directing harvested plants into the zone of action of the rotor 3:
    On Fig shows a pneumatic tool, consisting of located in front of the casing 8 of the chamber 98, into which compressed air is supplied through the pipe 99. Depending on the length of the chamber 98, it can be connected at one end or both with flexible hoses (not shown), respectively, with one or two blowers (not shown). In the chamber 98 is made, a series of holes located in a row along the edge of the casing 8.
    On Fig leaving the chamber 98, the air flow is directed more abruptly than in Fig.
    In the pneumatic means shown in FIG. 55, the direction of the air exiting the chamber 98 is controlled by a butterfly type butterfly valve 1.00. Due to this, air can be directed either up or down. The damper 100 is mounted on the axis 101, oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement of the device.
    56 shows a pivoting chamber 98 mounted on a pivot axis
    102. In this case, the air is steeply directed either towards the rotor 3, or upwardly steeply into the transport channel 7.
    On Fig in the embodiment of the device with the feed roller 38, its design includes a Central cylinder 103 connected to the air pipe 104 having an outlet slot 105, which can be installed in any desired position depending on the desired direction of the air coming out of it. Disks 106 are located at the ends of the roller 38 to which the blades 107 are attached. The disks 106 with the transverse blades 107 rotate around the cylinder 103 in the tossing mode. Through the holes in the center of the discs 106, a duct 108 extends into the cylinder 103.
    A similar system is shown in Fig. 59, only here it is placed in the design of the rotor 3 itself,
    In Figs. 60-63, typical use cases of the proposed cleaning device are shown.
    On fi.60, the device is hung on a traditional combine harvester; instead of a cutting apparatus, a stripping tool is installed.
    On 61-63 the proposed harvesting device is mounted on a tractor 109, while the harvested crop is fed to the transverse conveyor 110 and then via a belt lift 111 into the trailer body towed by the second tractor 112. The wheels of the tractor 112 are provided with visors 113 that are pulled to the side straw and plant stalks so that the wheels following it pass on the ground without crushing the remaining plants in the field.
    On Fig-65 shows a variant of the proposed harvesting device, in which behind the rotor 3 in the direction of movement of the collected mass is installed ventilation grille 114 of the type of blinds, which freely lets air in, but retains plant particles moving upward. The harvested material in its movement collides with a freely hanging shutter 115, mounted on a lightweight support structure, and falls down into the groove 10 and then enters the scrapers 116 of a chain or belt conveyor 117. On the inclined up and back wall 118 of the groove 10 transverse wear-protective ribs 119 are fixed that can be made of wood. The ribs 119 prevent direct frictional contact of the scrapers 116 with the surface of the wall 118. The upper branch of the conveyor 117 is closed by a protective element 120.
    In Fig. 65, the mass harvested in the chute 10 is transported by two conveyors 117. In order to prevent accumulation of the harvested crop in the central part of the chute 10 on the not front inclined wall 9 of the chute 10, a gable blade 121 is mounted, consisting of two visors 122 and 123 bent in opposite directions, the surfaces of which are directed back and down from the central ridge 124. Behind the rotor 3, an elastic damper 125 is mounted, extending along the entire length of the header and fixed to its sides (not shown). The damper 125 stops the particles of material collected by the rotor 3, which then fall down into the groove 10, and also prevents the bouncing particles from falling back into the area of the rotor 3. Above the damper 125, a roller 126 is mounted freely or forcibly rotating in the bearings, preventing the accumulation of plant mass on the upper flap edge 125.
    On Fig, 66 and 67 are respectively a cross section and a top view of an embodiment of the proposed harvesting device, in which particles of the harvested crop are directed by the rotor 3 onto the retardation shutters 127, causing these particles to fall down onto the two-section transverse belt conveyor 128, on which the transverse ribs 129. On both sides of the conveyor belt has longitudinal flexible sides 130, preventing loss of grain or seeds when the harvesting device moves along a field that slopes up or down. The beads 130 are closed from above by longitudinal shielding elements 131, which can be made in the form of elastic coils. In the V central part of the header in the recessed receiver 132, two longitudinally oriented screws 133 and 134 are mounted, which rotate in opposite directions so that from the bottom side their spiral ribs rake the crop into the central zone and move it back to the receiving end of the plate chain conveyor 135 The casing 8 in the front part from the inside is covered with a layer of elastic shock-absorbing plastic 136, which minimizes the rebounding of hard grain and seeds and the associated loss of grain and its damage. In combination with elastic carving elements 4, such a system ensures to a minimum the loss of collected mass in the front of the device. A suitable synthetic shock absorbing material is polyurethane. For the manufacture of combing combs, it is preferable to use plastic, the hardness of which ri about Shore is in the range from 4 to 60 d D. For facing the surface of the casing 8 and other elements of the device, it is preferable to use a softer plastic with the ability to absorb energy of shock loads. In addition, a step 137 is made on the inner side of the casing 8 in its front part, which directs seeds or grain moving down this surface to the area of action of the rotor 3, where it is picked up and directed up and back along the transport channel 7. The effect of the backward step 137 is important when the screening effect of plants ceases during the harvesting process, for example, when the harvesting device reaches the edge of the harvested field.
    On Fig presents a variant of the proposed device, in which particles of the collected mass, hitting the shutter 115, fall down onto a conveyor belt 138, the width of which corresponds to the width of the rotor 3. From the conveyor 138, the mass is transferred back to the transverse screw 139, rotating in the transverse groove 140 .
    On Fig, as in figure 2, presents a variant of the proposed device, in which the stripping working body 2 is made in the form of a conveyor belt 13, only enveloping not two, but three pulleys 14. In this embodiment, also presented is a casing 8 made of two panels 141 and 142 connected to each other by a hinge 143. In some cases, several toothed combs 144 can be mounted on the rear panel 142 from its lower side, the teeth of which, when the belt 13 moves, pass through the gaps of the stripping elements 4, which ensures many retroactive effect of stripping elements 4 on the harvested plant material. Behind the tape 13, an inclined separation grid 145 may be mounted, formed from a plurality of ribs or rods, which, when harvesting grain or seeds, retains large and light particles of the plant mass. The particles accumulating on the grate 145 are discharged by stripping elements 4 down to the ground. The grill 145 passes grain or seeds falling onto it to the plate conveyor 146 located beneath it. Additionally, in order to separate the light particles of the harvested crop from the grain or seeds, an air flow directed downward in the direction of arrow A is created, acting in the zone of the belt 13 of the combing organ 2.
    In some designs of the harvesting device, the stripper 2 can consist of several tapes 13 located across the entire width of the device, which pass through separate pulleys 14 (or rollers), and at one end through a common driving pulley (or roller).
    On Fig shows the proposed cleaning device with two rotors 15 and 16. as in Fig.3, in which the casing 8 is made with a lower part 148 that rotates on the hinge axis 147. The latter has such a configuration that its downward facing surface 149 has an inclination back and down and during operation of the device moves along the tops of harvested plants. Lowering the lower part 148 is limited to the chain 150. Several chains 150 located along the length of the part 148 can be used in the design of the device. The chain 150 can be replaced by a spring (not shown). Part 148 in length can be divided into several sections and when harvesting plants with a variable height, only individual sections will respond to a change in height. Above the hinge axis 147, several reverse steps 151 are fixed on the casing 8, which direct particles of the harvested crop falling onto the lower part 148 of the casing 8 back into the zone of action of the rotor 3.
    Instead of performing the lower part 148 of the casing 8 pivoting on the front edge of the casing 8, a shutter (not shown) can be fixed, which will perform the same functions.
    On Fig-74 presents the implementation of the stripping elements and their relative position when performing stripping the working body in the form of two rotors 15 and 16 (see Fig. 3), namely, the configuration of the combs 47 mounted on the rotor 15, and the combs 17, fixed on the rotor 16, and their relative position.
    On Fig shows the relative position of the comb 47, with short teeth 48, the step of which is twice as large as the teeth 152 of the comb 17. Such a system is most suitable for harvesting valuable crops and plants whose stems are inclined to the moving cleaning device to them.
    The system shown in Fig. 72, is most suitable for harvesting randomly laid crops.
    In Fig. The teeth of the comb 17 have a regular triangular shape, and in Fig. 74, the comb 17 is made in the form of a rib.
    Combs can also have other configurations and relative positions, which depends on the type of crop being harvested, its condition and harvesting conditions.
    In the proposed cleaning device may be provided with a means for regulating the distance between the rotors 15 and 16.
    In addition, in the proposed device in its front part, a sensor (or several) can be mounted that registers the height of the harvested crop.
    In any of the designs of the proposed harvesting device for cutting stems remaining on the field after separation of the required parts of the harvested stalk culture, a cutting apparatus (not shown) of both reciprocating and rotary action can be used.
    The proposed device operates as follows.
    When the device is running, the ends of the stripping elements 4 mounted on the stripping working element 2 are included in the mass of harvested plants, practically without causing damage to the stems. After entering the mass of plants, the stripping elements 4 move upward, capturing one or more stems. When in the process of upward movement, the stripping elements 4 reach the upper parts of the plants, they separate the required parts from them. The separation of the required parts is carried out by grinding and / or breaking, and / or breaking the stems of the plants in places of their contact with the combing elements 4.
    After separation from the stems, the required parts of the plants are transferred by a stripping working body 2 (rotor 3 or conveyor belt 13) up and back to the mechanisms of transverse 11 or longitudinal 12 transfer of these parts to the threshing, separation and cleaning mechanisms.
    In one of the embodiments of the proposed harvesting device (Fig. 47), the separated parts of the plants move up and forward into the additional rotor 76.
    Grains or seeds are scoured from plants by the edges 49 and 50 of adjacent teeth 48, and the edges of the plants, the surrounding part of the plants, are combed with the edges of the extension 54, surrounding the plant. The elements interacting with the plants create transverse surfaces, which move the carded parts of the plants along the aisles of the rows of plants.
    The transfer of the separated parts of the plants is carried out through the transport channel 7, formed by the casing 8 in combination with a combing working body 2. The casing 8 also prevents the stripped grains or seeds being thrown forward with the usual design of the proposed device, directing them back to the combing working body 2.
    The stems of plants remaining after combing the required parts pass under the harvesting device and remain in the field or can be cut with a cutting apparatus at the required height.
    Adjusting the position of the stripping working body 2 in height allows efficient harvesting of plants with a very short stalk or harvesting of dead plants.
    With the appropriate choice of the speed of movement of the stripping element 4 and the corresponding geometry of the elements of the harvesting device, it is possible to carry out separate cleaning, in which only fully ripened seeds, in particular grass seed, are collected in the first and subsequent passes.
    Additional means described in the variants of the proposed harvesting device make it possible to clean any kind of plants and regardless of their condition and harvesting conditions.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    Claim
    1. A method of harvesting agricultural plants in the root, comprising dividing plants by the front ends of the outwardly set of stripping elements, introducing plants into a plurality of zones formed by the lateral edges of adjacent stripping elements converging in the opposite direction to the direction of movement, brushing these elements on the side and back of the desired part of the plants the root movement of the combed part of the plants in the front zone of the device into the transporting channel for its collection and further processing, with the exception of then, in order to reduce crop losses, they additionally produce towed part of the plants from the sides facing forward using the edges of the brushing elements facing away from the remote ends of these elements.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally makes forced movement of the combed part of the plants by impacting it with the transverse surfaces of the elements interacting with the plants.
    [3]
    3. A device for harvesting agricultural plants on the vine, comprising a movable frame mounted with the ability to move above the ground, on which a stripping working body is mounted, moving in the direction of transfer up and back in front of the device of a plurality of stripping elements protruding outward, forming a plurality of plant collecting zones, each of which has an input part, a guiding means, interacting with these elements with the formation of a conveying channel for the flow of the carded part p stenium, as well as the drive of the stripping working body, set in motion so as to separate the required parts of the plants and pass them through the channel for the flow of the stripped parts of the plants in the front zone of the device, and the stripping elements interact with the plants standing on the root, protruding forward relative to the direction of movement of the device, on the other hand; that the scrubbing elements interacting with the plants in the root in the front collection zone have edges that are facing away from the remote ends to brush off the required parts of the plants from their sides, facing forward relative to the direction of movement of the device, while the edges form the outlet parts of the plant-collecting zones.
    [4]
    4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the edges for combing the sides of the plants facing forward are made diverging in the direction from the remote ends of the combing elements with the formation of the outlet parts of the plant collecting zones.
    [5]
    5. A device according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the edges for brushing the forward sides of the plants are offset laterally into the body of the brushing elements with the formation of the outlet parts of the collecting zones of the plants.
    [6]
    6. The device according to claims 3 to 5, with the fact that the edges for brushing the sides of the plants facing forward are curved to form the outlet parts of the plant zones, and the input ends of these edges are associated with the rear ends of the combing elements .
    [7]
    7. The device according to claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the stripping elements are arranged in transverse rows on the stripping working body, and the plants collecting zones are formed by neighboring stripping elements interacting with plants located in one transverse row.
    [8]
    8. The device according to claims 3-7. characterized in that the stripping elements are arranged in transverse rows on the stripping working body, and the plants collecting zones are formed by the stripping elements interacting with plants located in adjacent rows.
    [9]
    9. The device according to claims 3-8, characterized in that the guiding means for guiding the parts of the plants to be carved into the transported channel is made in the form of a stripping working body located in the front zone and covering part of the carriage, in which the stripping elements interacting with the plants move up and back, transverse casing.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claims 3 to 9. characterized in that the cleaning elements interacting with plants are made of flexible elastic material.
    [11]
    11. The device according to PP.3-10, characterized in that the stripping working body is made in the form of a rotor.
    [12]
    12. The device according to claims 3-11, characterized in that each element interacting with plants has a transverse surface for forced movement of the carved parts of plants along the channel for plant flow.
    Figure 4
    FIG. 6
    Fig 7.
    FIG. 1Q 18
    FIG. eleven
    FIG. 12
    FIG. 21
    FIG. £ 29
    FIG. 43 ___________
    FIG. 44
    FIG. 46
    FIG. fifty
    Fig 57
    2 11 fi. 60
    2 of FIG. 63/7 "
    7 * 7 Yu
    FIG. 64
    Fi g. 65
    FIG. 66
    Λ 1812926
    FIG. 70
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1812926A3|1993-04-30|Standing crop harvesting method and device
    US5036653A|1991-08-06|Apparatus and method for harvesting crops
    US5421147A|1995-06-06|Nut harvester
    EP0061230B1|1986-10-15|Apparatus for and method of picking up and conveying cut crop
    US5111645A|1992-05-12|Crop harvesting apparatus and methods
    EP0423789B1|1995-06-14|Crop harvesting apparatus
    EP0346342B1|1994-07-20|Apparatus and method for harvesting crops by stripping
    US4137923A|1979-02-06|Chaff spreading attachment for harvesters
    US5205114A|1993-04-27|Peanut combine
    US4951453A|1990-08-28|Crop harvesting apparatus and methods
    US4991385A|1991-02-12|Crop harvesting apparatus and methods
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    WO1988005626A1|1988-08-11|Apparatus and method for harvesting crops by stripping
    US3015928A|1962-01-09|Cotton harvester
    CA1324725C|1993-11-30|Crop harvesting apparatus and methods
    RU2080766C1|1997-06-10|Combine for harvesting vegetables, particularly, tomatoes and roots
    EP0300004A1|1989-01-25|Apparatus and method for treating and moving crop
    SU1496687A1|1989-07-30|Machine for harvesting standing crops
    RU35053U1|2003-12-27|Harvester "TaKi" for harvesting vegetables, mainly tomatoes and root crops
    WO2000074467A1|2000-12-14|Air flow harvester vacuum stripper front
    SU1660611A1|1991-07-07|Combine for harvesting readily shedding crop seeds
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK562787A|1987-10-27|
    DK155300C|1989-08-14|
    GB2200026A|1988-07-27|
    JPS62500213A|1987-01-29|
    WO1986001972A1|1986-04-10|
    GB2176685A|1987-01-07|
    DK562787D0|1987-10-27|
    EP0316969B1|1994-11-09|
    GB2176685B|1989-06-14|
    GB8424395D0|1984-10-31|
    GB2208582A|1989-04-12|
    AU4955585A|1986-04-17|
    AU599577B2|1990-07-26|
    GB8612122D0|1986-06-25|
    GB2208582B|1989-08-23|
    DK244986A|1986-07-03|
    DE3587945T2|1995-03-30|
    GB2209653B|1989-09-06|
    GB8821294D0|1988-10-12|
    GB2200026B|1989-07-05|
    GB2209654B|1989-09-06|
    DK155300B|1989-03-28|
    EP0195810B1|1991-11-27|
    US5044147A|1991-09-03|
    DK159129B|1990-09-10|
    GB2209654A|1989-05-24|
    EP0316969A3|1990-05-09|
    DK159129C|1991-03-11|
    DK244986D0|1986-05-26|
    DE3587945D1|1994-12-15|
    JPH0697901B2|1994-12-07|
    GB8900995D0|1989-03-08|
    DE3584772D1|1992-01-09|
    AU642139B2|1993-10-14|
    GB2209653A|1989-05-24|
    GB8804022D0|1988-03-23|
    EP0195810A1|1986-10-01|
    US4790128A|1988-12-13|
    EP0316969A2|1989-05-24|
    GB8900994D0|1989-03-08|
    AU5478990A|1990-09-13|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB8424395A|GB8424395D0|1984-09-27|1984-09-27|Crop harvesting|
    PCT/GB1985/000442|WO1986001972A1|1984-09-27|1985-09-26|Crop harvesting apparatus and methods|
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